Lumbar fusion is a surgical procedure that permanently connects two or more vertebrae in the lower back to stabilize the spine. It is typically recommended for conditions like degenerative disc disease, spinal instability, and herniated discs when conservative treatments have failed.
During the surgery, damaged discs are removed, and bone graft material or implants are inserted between the vertebrae to promote fusion. Additional hardware, such as screws and rods, may also be used for support.
This procedure aims to alleviate chronic pain, restore function, and improve mobility by eliminating motion at the affected vertebrae. While lumbar fusion can significantly enhance quality of life for many patients, it carries risks such as infection and non-union of the bones.